2024年3月23日星期六

【华教视窗】 ~ 1514

对多源流学校新一轮攻击

2024/03/22   东方日报/评论

~作者:林德宜(公共政策分析学者)

警方传召了国立大学(UKM)张国祥教授,以针对他发表“多源流学校阻碍国民团结”的煽动言论指控。这也为他提供了反驳指控的机会。

现在的问题是:当局会继续对他不断指多源流学校阻碍国家团结的指控视而不见吗?

除此之外,张国祥教授也在《独立时报》网站的一段影片中声称,华校的存在是华社看不起马来人的原因,从而引发了更大的种族和政治分裂。

在张国祥发表评论之前,联邦法院维持了上诉庭的裁决​​,即多源流学校符合宪法,并承认多源流学校或国民型学校使用华语和泰米尔语是合法的。

非马来社交媒体的读者一片倒谴责了张国祥的言论,他被贴上了各种各样的名字,较“客气”者质疑张国祥在没有证据或学术论据支持下发表如此的观点,妖魔化母语教育和华人社会的动机。也有人指出,张国祥的观点与极端主义政客,以及一些学者如邱家金和郑全行等的观点是相呼应的。这些人利用母语学校课题制造社会分裂,以作为国家面对著的种族和宗教问题的替罪羊。

在张国祥的支持者中,较特出的观点是捍卫学术自由和表达不同观点的权利。学术式非政府组织,大马学术人员运动(GERAK)认为,尊重学术自由对于发展一个有凝聚力、有见识、成熟和理智的社会至关重要。然而,该组织也重申了其信念,即不应将国民不团结归咎于多源流学校。反之,该组织指出,多源流学校提供了更大的机会,通过交流促进跨种族理解。这两种立场都与张国祥截然相反。

该非政府组织也指出,马来西亚的种族政治体制使这个问题变得两极化,尤其政客利用这些课题来争取支持。大马学术人员运动(GERAK)应知道,有些学者也不能免于如不少政客一样为了自身利益的机会主义,熟练玩起种族“游戏”。也许,以后可能会有一条以张国祥命名的小巷或街道。毕竟,他已经获得了拿督头衔。

对于张国祥和他在反母语学校团伙中主要的马来人支持者来说,随著法院的判决,这场争议的时机是完美的。现在,张国祥有一个绝佳的机会,可以将他的案件带到法庭以外的学术界以及政策制定者面前。希望这能一劳永逸地解决华小和泰小的存在问题。否则,这将继续成为我们国家“溃烂的伤口”。

对母语教育没有研究

迄今为止,张国祥有关母语教育主题的文章主要出现在马来媒体上。尽管他获得了慷慨的研究资助,但他在母语教育主题上的研究似乎相当少。

张国祥将自己定位为多产的学术评论员。他在马来西亚国立大学网站上的简历,洋洋洒洒,列了一堆,展示了其在《马来西亚前锋报》、《每日新闻》、《语文月刊》和其他非学术媒体上的许多专栏文章。然而,在他的履历中,没有证据表明,他对本身在马来媒体上发表的争议性言论和文章的课题,有进行了大量研究,甚至任何研究。

由于没有实证和精准的社会科学工具和研究,张国祥似乎依赖道听涂说和自己的观点,以及他的朋友圈和学术伙伴的偏见和歧见,得出了他关于教育和种族关系的结论。张国祥除了在马来文学方面的专长外,没有任何指标显示,他在其他课题的学术著作,曾出现在任何受人尊敬的学术出版物或期刊上。

涉及这些争议的单位,例如对上诉法院的裁决提出异议的伊斯兰教育发展理事会(Mappim)和马来西亚作家协会联合会(Gapena);国立大学、全国教授理事会和国大的民族研究所 (KITA) 可以透过出版张国祥有关这方面的学术研究,以及主办有关教育和民族团结的论坛和研讨会,为张国祥辩护,发挥关键作用。

除了考量华社(张国祥攻击的主要目标)的观点外,其他利益关系者的立场,尤其是在约2000所华小和泰小就读的超过10万名非华裔,主要是马来学生(及其家人)的立场也至关重要。据一些评论所言,这些母语学校长期以来一直被国家教育体系所忽略,在拨款、校地分配、设施等方面长期受到政府不公对待。对此,张国祥或许有专家的见解可以分享。

自独立以来,数百万马来西亚人,包括相当数量的非华人和非印度人,从华泰小毕业。没有任何证据表明这些学校构成了分裂力量,或者它们滋生了“傲慢”或种族优越感或蔑视其他种族。同样,张国祥这种毫无根据的指控,其实也可以轻易地用于针对其对应的国小或国家教育体系的其他领域,包括张国祥所在的大学。

董总的数据显示,从1989年到2020年,华小非华裔学生人数稳健成长。华小的非华裔学生人数从1989年的17309名(占华小学生总数的3.05%)增加到1994年的32203名(占华小学生总数的5.52%);1998年的520438.66%2011年的7164412%20128002413.32%2014年的8746315.31%,以及2017年的9460818%2020年估计为101011人,即 19.75%。华小马来学生的增加可能是极端马来民族主义者所关注的问题。

今天,华泰小尽管面对著庞大的反对行动,但仍然有如此多的马来学生进入这些学校,这无可辩驳地证明了公众和马来人对这些学校质量的信心,以及他们相信华小和泰小比国小,提供了更优越的非种族主义的学校教育。

当这个国家的主要和主导群体著迷于不明智和扭曲的民族团结观念和文化论战时,大马就永远不会实现成为一个安全、自信和包容的国家。这种文化论战,包括庆祝圣诞节、情人节、肉骨茶和当下的袜子事件,分散了我们所有人的注意力,使人们无法处理更严重的教育改革和经济落后的问题。事实上,这些针对种族和宗教的论战,最终会对本应所要保护或维护的社群产生负面影响。

 

林德宜《对多源流学校新一轮攻击》原文:Starting A New Fire Against Vernacular Schools

Prof. Teo Kok Seong met the police recently to respond to the reports against him for making a statement with the intention to incite. This is providing him the opportunity to refute the charge.

The question now is: will the authorities continue to turn a blind eye to his unceasing allegations that vernacular schools are an obstacle to national unity.

In addition to this claim, he has provoked greater racial and political division by asserting in the Merdeka Times video that the existence of Chinese schools is the reason why the Chinese community thinks badly of the Malays.

Teo’s comments follow the Federal Court’s decision in support of a ruling by the Court of Appeal which states that vernacular schools are constitutional and recognised the use of Chinese and Tamil languages in vernacular schools or national-type schools as legal.

Readers in the non-Malay social media have upbraided his comments. He has been labelled with all kinds of names. The more charitable have questioned his motive in demonising vernacular education and the Chinese community without providing evidence or scholarship to support his viewpoint. Others have noted that his views echo those of extremist politicians and fellow academics such as Khoo Kay Kim and Riduan Tee. These characters are seen as the ones creating disunity by using the vernacular schools as the scapegoat for the nation’s racial and religious problems.

Amongst his supporters, those standing out have argued the case for academic freedom and Teo’s right to voice alternative views. Academic NGO, Pergerakan Tenaga Akademik Malaysia (GERAK), argued that respect for academic freedom is essential towards developing a society that is cohesive, knowledgeable, mature and intellectual. However, at the same time it reiterated its belief that vernacular schools are not to be blamed for disunity. It noted that the vernacular schools offer greater opportunities to foster interracial understanding through dialogue. Both these positions are diametrically opposed to Teo’s.

The NGO also noted that the issue had been polarised by Malaysia’s race-based political system, with politicians using it to woo support. GERAK should have acknowledged that some academics are not exempt from playing the race game with more than a few equally as adept as politicians and for the same opportunistic reasons of self advancement. Perhaps Teo may have a lorong or side street named after him. He already is a recipient of a datukship.

The timing of this controversy is perfect for Teo and his largely Malay supporters in the anti vernacular school gang who are intent on fighting against the most recent court decisions.  Teo, now, has the golden opportunity to take his case beyond the courts to the academic community as well as to policy makers. Hopefully this will resolve the issue of the existence of SRJK (C) and (T) once and for all. Otherwise it will continue as a festering wound in our nation.

Teo’s Research on Vernacular Education and Schools

So far, Teo’s writing on the subject of vernacular education has mainly appeared in the Malay media.  His research work on the subject appears quite scanty despite his being the recipient of generous research funding grants.

Teo has marketed himself as a prolific academic commentator. His curriculum vitae in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia website runs to many pages (see https://ukmsarjana.ukm.my/main/muatturun_cv/SzAwNDc2OQ==). Dominated by the many columns that appear in his name in Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, Dewan Bahasa and the other non-academic outlets he has diligently listed for all viewers his university record. However it does not appear in his c.v. much evidence to show that he has done extensive or indeed, any, research on the controversial subjects that he has been expounding on which are regularly published in the Malay media.

Without empirical and well designed social science tools and research, it looks like he has relied on hearsay and his own, and the bias and prejudice of his circle of friends and academic associates, to arrive at his conclusions on education and race relations. There is also no indication that his academic work, apart from his expertise in Malay literature, on these subjects has appeared in any respectable academic publication or journal.

Interested parties in this controversy such as the Islamic Education Development Council (Mappim) and Confederation of Malaysian Writers Association (Gapena) which contested the Court of Appeal’s ruling; and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, the National Association of Professors and Institut Kajian Etnik (KITA) can play a key role in Teo’s defence by publicising his academic work as well as by organising forums and workshops in relation to education and national unity.

Besides taking into account the views of the Chinese community - the prime target of Teo’s attack - the position of other stakeholders, especially the more than 100,000 non-Chinese primarily Malay children enrolled in the nearly 2,000 SRJKCs and SRJKT (and their families) must be given weight. According to critics, these schools have long been the step children of the national educational system and continue to be discriminated against by the government in funding, land allocation, facilities, etc. Perhaps Teo may have an expert analysis to share on this.

Since independence, several millions of Malaysians, including a considerable number of non-Chinese and non-Indians, have graduated from vernacular schools. There is absolutely no evidence that the schools comprise a disunifying force or that they have bred “arrogance” or a sense of racial superiority or disparagement of other races.  Such baseless charges can similarly be easily hurled against their counterpart SJKs or other sectors of the educational system, including Teo’s university.

Data from Dong Zong has tracked the steady increase of non Chinese student enrolment from 1989 to 2020. From a small enrolment of 17,309 students or 3.05 per cent of total SJKC students in 1989, non-Chinese students at SJKC have increased to 32,203 or 5.52 per cent (1994), 52,043 or 8.66 per cent (1998),  71,644 or 12 per cent (2011), 80,024 or 13.32 per cent (2012), 87,463 or 15.31 per cent (2014), 94,608 or 18 per cent (2017), and an estimated 101,011 or 19.75 per cent (2020). It is this increase in Malay enrolment in SRJK (C) that is possibly the key underlying concern for the ultra Malay nationalists. 

Today, the enrollment of so many Malay students in the vernacular schools, despite the massive propaganda campaign against them, is irrefutable proof of the public and Malay confidence in the quality of these schools and their belief that SRJKCs and SRJKTs provide a superior non-racist schooling to their children than is available from the SJKs

Moving Beyond The Culture War and Perversion of National Unity

Achieving a secure, confident and inclusive nation will never come about when the major and dominant community in the country is consumed by and is obsessed with this form of culture war and its ill informed and perverted conception of national unity. Such culture wars, including on the celebration of Christmas, Valentine day,  bakkut teh and now socks, distract all of us from dealing with the far more serious issues of educational reform and the lagging economy. In fact these wars focusing on race and religion ultimately negatively impact the community that they are supposed to protect or uphold.

 

让生命教育引航学生美好人生

2024/03/21  柬埔寨《柬华日报》华校活动

三角路市振民学校 陈杰岚 吴跃军

37日,全国人大代表赵皖平再次建议将生命教育纳入中小学课程体系。生命对每个人来说都只有一次,生命的存在和延续是教育得以实现的前提。没有人的生命,教育将无从谈起。基础教育课程改革特别关注学生健全人格的培养,“珍爱生命”是中学生发展核心素养目标之一。作为教师,如果能利用故事这种学生喜闻乐见的形式,对学生进行潜移默化的生命教育,必定能收到意想不到的成效。

一、从故事中品悟生活哲理,为学生生命成长赋能

梁某是个转校生,以前在原来的学校打架闹事,还与某同学相约割腕自杀,被学校停课一周,后因新冠疫情没再去学校。转校后,梁某依然恶习不改,利用自己绘画的特长帮同学纹身,颇有破罐子破摔的架势。班主任多次教育效果不大,我约见梁某时讲了一个故事:巴黎和会召开时,曹汝霖做过两件让国人十分痛恨的事,后来他认识到自己的错误,发誓不再与政治沾边,并用实际行动开始自我拯救。每年冬天,曹汝霖都向洋车夫施舍100套棉衣。上世纪20年代,由曹汝霖发起组建了一所医院,穷人来看病的一律免费。抗战时期,曹汝霖公开表示要以‘晚节挽回前誉之失’,立誓不在日伪政权任职,得到蒋介石的肯定。陆宗舆、章宗祥不但没有反省自己,而且都在日伪政权任职。日本投降后,章宗祥以汉奸罪被捕受审;陆宗舆虽然在日伪政权任职不到一年就病死了,却永远背负着汉奸的骂名。

其实,很多有偏激行为的学生也许是这样想的:反正自己不讨人喜欢,就为所欲为,不再顾忌他人的感受。我说故事时并没有刻意强调什么,但还是不留痕迹,引导学生进行一番讨论,让梁某明白像曹汝霖这样犯下严重错误的人,通过在民族危难关头的气节,为自己争回了荣誉。所以说“知错能改,善莫大焉”。同样犯下严重错误的陆、章二人不思反省,留下了一世骂名。在此后的日子里,我趁热打铁与梁某进行多次交流,他终于意识到像曹汝霖这样的人都可以挽回声誉,重新做人,自己已经转学,何不洗心革面呢?顿悟的他痛改前非,奋发图强,后来我让他当班上的文娱委员,他编发的黑板报、手抄报多次获奖。

二、探讨历史人物的生命价值,教育学生敬畏生命

生命教育总是离不开历史事件,总是依附于对历史人物的认识和理解。西汉司马迁因为投降匈奴的李陵辩护而获罪,被处以腐刑,他承受了当时士大夫看来比死还要难受的奇耻大辱,但他写下了被鲁迅誉为“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”的《史记》,留下了“人固有一死,或重于泰山,或轻于鸿毛”的千古名言。历史老师可对照司马迁的经历和成就,引导学生想象他当时复杂的内心世界,思考生命的价值。鉴真为东渡日本,不顾路途艰险,经历5次东渡失败后,虽已双目失明,但仍坚定不移,65岁时终于第6次东渡成功。双耳失聪对音乐家贝多芬来说是多么残忍的打击,但他克服困难,在音乐事业上取得了辉煌成就。他们成功的共同点就是在经受磨难、遭遇挫折时,表现出一种积极、理智的情绪反应,生命不息,奋斗不止。这样通过对历史人物对待生命的态度和生命价值的探讨,以激发学生对生命的热爱、珍惜和呵护,自觉赋予自己每一刻以生命的价值,敬畏生命。

三、不断提升生活智慧,用故事助力学生生命成长

现在的学生大多是吃“蜜糖水”长大的,从小受到父母的百般呵护、溺爱,由于家长长期的溺爱而形成骄横傲慢、唯我独尊、谁也惹不得的过度自尊心理,引起教师和同学的反感。他们不仅人际交往能力缺乏,处理问题时也容易简单粗暴,以自我为中心,凡事只考虑自己的感受,问题处理不好又导致抑郁、焦躁。为此,我多次为这类学生举办讲座,讲北魏孝文帝迁都的故事,引导学生悟出一个道理。孝文帝并不是要南征,他的真实目的是要迁都洛阳,但他如果直说迁都,一定会遭到旧臣的极力阻挠。为达到这一目的,他精心设计了这种“阴谋”,故意把行程安排在深秋时节,当时阴雨连绵,道路泥泞,再加上数月的跋涉,群臣都想休整,纷纷谏阻。在这种情况下,孝文帝退了一步,答应不再南征,并提出自己的难处时说:“若一事无成,如何向后人交待?不如迁都洛阳算了。”大臣看到皇帝如此体谅自己,就纷纷同意迁都洛阳。孝文帝这种以退为进、从他人角度考虑问题的做法,终于取得了迁都成功。如果孝文帝当初只利用君王权力命令迁都,必然会导致君臣不愉快。我这样就让学生明白:君王尚且如此,在生活中,我们也要学会为别人着想,换位思考,这样事情就容易办成,利他也利己。

四、丰富学生生活经验,让生命焕发光彩

培根曾说读史使人明智,老师要善用历史故事来丰富学生生活经验,引导他们走向成功。汉朝初年,“王国问题”严重威胁到汉朝中央政权的统治,汉景帝接受了晁错的建议,削夺王国封地,结果引发了“七国之乱”。汉武帝继位后,颁布“推恩令”,不仅使王国势力大大削弱,再也无力与中央抗衡,而且得到诸侯国对他的感恩戴德。由此我们要让学生明白:有时候解决问题的方法很多,我们要集思广益 ,转换角度,多方位思考问题,学会对比甄别,选择最佳方式处理问题。

学校无小事,事事育人;教育无痕,生命无价。作为教师,我们要巧妙利用故事这种学生喜闻乐见的形式,取其精华,去其糟粕,领悟历史人物留下的优秀事迹背后的精神层面,让学生探讨历史人物成功的秘诀,探寻生命价值,启迪思维成长,引航美好人生。

 
勿为考获A
放弃华文

2024/03/21   南洋商报/言论

~作者:方城

近几年,华文教育可谓处于多事之秋。一边厢大家为华文老师严重不足焦头烂额;另一边厢,我们又为逐年下降的报考华文考生而精神紧绷。

殊不知,这两者之间其实是息息相关的。没有华文考生,未来就不会有新晋的华文老师。所以,鼓励学生报考中文是解决华文师资问题的治本方法。

接着,我们来探讨一下为何学生不爱华文,或者常会因为华文难考获A而选择放弃?

新学年伊始,问班上新认识的一批学生,喜欢华文吗?为何选修华文?要报考华文吗?他们的答案几乎不外乎以下几种:没有喜欢或不喜欢,可有可无;如果可以不考,就不考了,华文很难拿A的。听到这样的答案无数次,还是会难过。

长期下来,又是谁让这些孩子的思维充满功利主义呢?不就是整个大环境和家长老师吗?

学生功利思维有因

仔细想想,多少家庭父母学校老师不是以考试考获多少个A来衡量或归类学生的优劣呢?当孩子其他科目都特优,唯独华文落下了,多少师长不是扼腕叹息呢?长期处在这样的氛围下,学生还会不功利吗?答案是显而易见的。

现今父母,大概没有体会到因为掌握了华文的优势,所以常会在孩子小的时候就告诉他们:华文,会讲就好,不必很好,也不必考,以免把分数等级拉下,影响未来升学机会。

长此以往,要这些学生爱中文、考华文也真的不易啊!他们之中,绝大多数会告诉你:我会好好学的,只是不要考而已。这样的话,说得铿锵有力,完全不知道未来也许再也没有机会学习正规的华文课程了。

有人说,华文水准太高,打击了学生的报考兴趣。这一点我也不否认,毕竟我们的课程纲要是充满人文情怀的,在课堂上和学生谈起来是可以声情并茂的,但是考试时的出题方式及评审方式又过于追求“门面”,有些题目根本就不懂该如何作答!这无疑是让学生选择放弃自己的根的原因之一。当然,如果为了迎合学生的喜好,把题目简单化,好让人人皆欢喜,恐怕也会让中文灭绝。

故此,当我们一直呼吁家长切勿因为难拿A而放弃读中文之际,我们不妨认真思考一下,为何现今学生大多没有族群意识,反而充满功利思维?